WORD
FORMATION PROCESS
A. Acronymy
Acronyms are words formed by the word formation
process in which an initialize is pronounced as a word. Acronyms are
related to the word formation process of abbreviation, that is formed using the
initial letters of words or word parts in a phrase or name. Acronyms and initializes
are usually pronounced in a way that is distinct from that of the full forms
for which they stand.
Here are some Examples:
- pronounced as a word, containing only initial letters:
- FNMA: (Fannie Mae) Federal National Mortgage Association
- laser: light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation
- NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
- scuba: self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
- pronounced as a word, containing non-initial letters:
- Amphetamine: Alpha-methyl-phenethylamine
- Gestapo: Geheime Staatspolizei ("secret state police")
- Interpol: International Criminal Police Organization
- radar: radio detection and ranging
- pronounced only as the names of letters
- BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation
- DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
- LED: light-emitting diode
- OB-GYN: obstetrics and gyn(a)ecology or obstetrician and gyn(a)ecologist
- shortcut incorporated into name
- 3M: (three em) originally Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
- E³: (e three) Electronic Entertainment Exposition
- W3C: (double-u three cee) World Wide Web Consortium
- recursive acronyms, in which the abbreviation itself is the expansion of one initial (particularly enjoyed by the open-source community)
- GNU: GNU's Not Unix!
- HURD: HIRD of Unix-Replacing Daemons, where "HIRD" stands for "HURD of Interfaces Representing Depth"
- VISA: VISA International Service Association
- XNA: XNA's Not Acronymed - Microsoft's new game development framework
- pseudo-acronyms are used because, when pronounced as intended, they resemble the sounds of other words:
- ICQ: "I seek you"
- IOU: "I owe you"
- OU812: "Oh, you ate one, too?", a Van Halen album
- CQR: "secure", a brand of boat anchor
- multi-layered acronyms:
- GTK+: GIMP Tool Kit, i.e. GNU Image Manipulation Program Tool Kit, i.e. GNU's Not Unix Image Manipulation Program Tool Kit
- GAIM: GTK+ AOL Instant Messenger, i.e. GIMP Tool Kit America OnLine Instant Messenger, i.e. GNU Image Manipulation Program Tool Kit America OnLine Instant Messenger, i.e. GNU's Not Unix Image Manipulation Program Tool Kit America Online Instant Messenger
- VHDL: VHSIC Hardware Description Language, i.e. Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language
B. Blending
Blending is the word formation process
in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new word whose meaning
is often a combination of the original words. Blending is one of the most
beloved of word formation processes in English. It is especially creative in
that speakers take two words and merge them based not on morpheme structure but
on sound structure. The resulting words are called blends. In blending, part of one word is stitched
onto another word, without any regard for where one morpheme ends and another
begins.
Most blends
are formed by one of the following methods:
1.
The beginning of one word is added to the end of the other.
2. The
beginnings of two words are combined.
For example, cyborg is a blend
of cybernetic and organism.
3. One complete
word is combined with part of another word.
For example, guesstimate is
a blend of guess and estimate.
4.
Two words are blended around a common sequence of sounds.
For example, the word Californication, from a song
by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, is a blend
of California and fornication.
5.
Multiple sounds from two component words are blended, while mostly preserving
the sounds' order. Poet Lewis
Carroll
was well known for these kinds of blends. An example of this is the word slithy, a blend of lithe and slimy. This method
is difficult to achieve and is considered a sign of Carroll's verbal wit.
When two words are combined in their entirety, the result is
considered a compound word rather than a blend. For example,
bagpipe is a
compound, not a blend
Thank You for reading. Getting the point and
don’t forget to saying Alhamdulillah.
References:
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