MAJOR WORD
FORMATION
Word Formation is the creation of a
new word. Word Formation is sometimes contrasted with semantics change, which
is a change in a single word’s meaning. The boundary between word formation and
semantics change can be difficult to define. Word Formation refers to the ways
in which new words are made on the basic of other words or morphemes. Also
called by derivational morphology. Word formation sudah seharusnya menjadi
pembahasan yang penting terutama oleh calon guru bahasa. Hal ini dikarenakan
pentingnya mengetahui makna dari suatu kata dan bagaimana kata itu terbentuk.
Sebagaimana yang dikemukakan oleh L. V. Shcherba bahwa word formation itu
adalah bagaimana kata-kata itu dibentuk (proses pembentukan kata) mulai dari
pola kata, dari mana kata itu dibentuk , bagaimana kata dapat diciptakan
ataupun sebaliknya hingga menjadi suatu kata yang mempunyai makna.
A. Compounding
Compounding is
the word formation process in which two or more lexemes
combine into a single new word. Compound words may be written as one word or as
two words joined with a hyphen. For example:
·
noun-noun
compound: note + book → notebook
·
adjective-noun
compound: blue + berry → blueberry
·
verb-noun
compound: work + room → workroom
·
noun-verb
compound: breast + feed → breastfeed
·
verb-verb
compound: stir + fry → stir-fry
·
adjective-verb
compound: high + light → highlight
·
verb-preposition
compound: break + up → breakup
·
preposition-verb
compound: out + run → outrun
·
adjective-adjective
compound: bitter + sweet → bittersweet
·
preposition-preposition
compound: in + to → into
There are 3 types of written in compounding
1.
Solid/Closed , penulisan gabungan kata tersebut menjadi satu kata, eq:Raincoat,
waterfall,toothbrush
2.
Hypenated, penulisan kata menggunakan tanda baca hyphen
(-),eq: Check-in,mother-in-law,twenty-year-old.
3.
Open/Spaced, penulisan kata terpisah dan menjadi dua
kata,eq:Full moon,human rights,upper class.
Other examples:
|
Compound Elements
|
Examples
|
|
noun + noun
noun + verb noun + adverb verb + noun verb + adverb adverb + noun adjective + verb adjective + noun adverb + verb |
bedroom
water tank motorcycle printer cartridge rainfall haircut train-spotting hanger-on passer-by washing machine driving licence swimming pool lookout take-off drawback onlooker bystander dry-cleaning public speaking greenhouse software redhead output overthrow upturn input |
B.
Clipping
Clipping occurs when the original
word is reduced to one of its parts, resulting in the formation of a new
word. This process is also referred to as ‘truncation’ and
‘shortening.’ In clipping, the word is shortened but the meaning remains
the same.
There are four main types of clipping.
These include back clipping, fore-clipping, middle clipping and complex
clipping. Below, please find definitions and examples of each.
- Back clipping: In back clipping, the first part of the word is kept.
Examples of back clipping:
- pop (popular music)
- fax (facsimile)
- gym (gymnasium)
- memo (memorandum)
- ad (advertisement)
- demo (demonstration)
- Fore-clipping: In fore-clipping, the last part of the word is kept.
Examples of fore-clipping include:
- chute (parachute)
- phone (telephone)
- site (website)
- plane (airplane)
- copter (helicopter)
- burger (hamburger)
- bulb (light bulb)
- Middle clipping: In middle clipping, the middle of the word is kept.
Examples of middle clipping include:
- flu (influenza)
- fridge (refrigerator)
- Complex clipping: In complex clipping, part of the original compound is kept.
Examples of complex clipping include:
- photo-op (photo opportunity)
- sci-fi (science fiction)
- rom com (romantic comedy)
Thank you for reading. Being smart and don’t forget to saying
Bismillah.
References:
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