Polysemy

POLYSEMY

          Polysemy is became from two words, there are poly “many” and sema “sign”. Polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple meanings. It has association of one word with two or more distinct meanings. So, polysemy is the phenomenon of having or being open to several or many meanings. We can call the word as polysemous or polysemic. A word is polysemous if it can be used to express different meanings. The difference between the meanings can be obvious or subtle. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia polisemi diartikan sebagai kata yang memiliki makna lebih dari satu, misalnya kata bisa, yang memiliki arti mampu,dapat, dalam arti lain merupakan bisa atau racun. Here are some examples of word and the meaning:

·         bank = bank ,in another meaning is pinggiran sungai

·         bed = tempat tidur – dasar – alas – kebun, taman

·         book = buku – memesan

·         congregation = jemaah – perkumpulan

·         court = pengadilan – halaman – lapangan – istana – penerimaan tamu

·          head = kepala (bagian tubuh) – kepala (pimpinan)

·         milk = susu – memerah susu

·         mole = tahi lalat – tikus

·         water = air – menyiram

·         wood = kayu – hutan

         

In sentence, example:

Book:

·         abound collection of pages

·         a text reproduced and distributed, in sentence “someone who has read the same text on a computer has read the same book as someone who had the actual paper volume”

·         To make an action or event a matter of record (e.g. "Unable to book a hotel room, a man sneaked into a nearby private residence where police arrested him and later booked him for unlawful entry.")

That’s all about Polysemy. Thank you for reading and never forget to say Bismillah.

References:

http://www.yourdictionary.com/polysemy

http://grammar.about.com/od/pq/g/polysemyterm.htm

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/polysemy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysemy

http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~ez506/downloads/L140%20Handout%20-%20homonyms.pdf

http://wordinfo.info/unit/3039/s:and

Antonomasia and Conversion

ANTONOMASIA and CONVERSION

         A. Antonomasia

            Antonomasia is a figure of speech in which some defining word or phrase is substituted for a person’s proper name. Antonomasia can range from lighthearted nicknames to epic names. Uses for antonomasia vary slightly depending on the time period. In the past, antonomasia would be used to designate class members, as oftentimes people’s names were linked to their professions. Antonomasia was also used in the past to give positive names to strong warriors and negative names to weak or nasty people. Jadi, antonomasia merupakan majas yang digunakan untuk menyatakan seseorang sesuai dengan keadaan khas yang ia miliki. Here are some popular examples:

·         Tarzan - wild

·         Solomon - a wise man

·         Casanova - a philanderer

·         The Bard of Avon - William Shakespeare

·         Beowulf - a myth

·         The Dark Knight - Batman

·         The Führer - Adolf Hitler

·         Judas - Betrayer

·         The Philosopher - Aristotle

·         The Iron Duke - Duke of Wellington

·         Schwarzenegger - Arnie, the Austrian Oak,

·         The Governator - tough

·         Cicero - orator

·         Gandhi - non-violence

·         La Divina - Maria Callas

·         Silicon Valley - where all the geeks go, high-tech hub

·         Beckham - footballer

·         The Iron Lady - Margaret Thatcher

·         The King of Pop - Michael Jackson

·         An Einstein - an intelligent person

·         The Little Corporal - Napoleon I

            Antonomasia is also known as nominatio, pronominatio and prosonomasia and is at times spelt as 'antinomasia'. The word 'antonomasia' comes from the Greek word 'antonomazein', which means to 'name differently' or 'instead of'. Antonomasia is all about substitution of names for a person with a praiseworthy appellation like brave, coward, furious, clever, and casanova and so on.

     B.     Conversion

                Conversion is the process in which a word of one grammatical form becomes a word of another grammatical form without any changes to spelling or pronunciation. Conversion is also referred to as zero derivation or null derivation with the assumption that the formal change between words results in the addition of an invisible morpheme. However, linguistics argue for a clear distinction between the word formation processes of derivation and conversion. Here are some examples:

1.      Noun to verb conversion

·         access – to access

·         bottle – to bottle

·         can – to can

·         closet – to closet

·         email – to email

·         eye – to eye

·         fiddle – to fiddle

·         fool – to fool

       2.     Verb to noun conversion

·         to alert – alert

·          to attack – attack

·          to call – call

·         to clone – clone

·         to command – command

·         to cover – cover

·          to cry – cry

·         to experience – experience

·         to fear – fear

·         to feel – feel

So, we know that Conversion involves the change of a word from one word class to another.

Thank you for reading and do not forget to say Bismillah.

References:

http://fos.iloveindia.com/antonomasia-examples.html

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/antonomasia

http://www.britannica.com/art/antonomasia

http://literaryterms.net/antonomasia/

http://pengetahuan-dan-hiburan.blogspot.co.id/2013/09/macam-macam-majas-dan-contohnya.html

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/word-formation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_%28word_formation%29

Onomatopoeia

ONOMATOPOEIA

 

Onomatopoeia means “the imitation of a sound”, the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it. The formation of words whose sound is imitative of the sound of the noise or action designated. Sometimes onomatopoeia difficult to understanding without using examples, here are some examples and there are some classification.

1    1. Word related to water, usually begin with –sp, -dr, and the words that indicated with liquid ending by –le. examples:

· Bloop

· Splash

· Spray

· Sprinkle

· Squirt

· Drip

· Drizzle

2.      Words Related to the Voice, Sounds that come from the back of the throat tend to start with a gr- sound whereas sounds that come out of the mouth through the lips, tongue and teeth begin with mu-.

·         giggle

·         growl

·         grunt

·         gurgle

·         mumble

·         murmur

·         bawl

·         belch

·         chatter

·         blurt

3.      Words Related to Collisions – Collisions can occur between any two or more objects. Sounds that begin with cl- usually indicate collisions between metal or glass objects, and words that end in -ng are sounds that resonate. Words that begin with th- usually describe dull sounds like soft but heavy things hitting wood or earth.

·         bam

·         bang

·         clang

·         clank

·         clap

·         clatter

·         click

·         clink

·         ding

·         jingle

·         screech

·         slap

·         thud

·         thump

4. Words Related to Air – Because air doesn’t really make a sound unless it blows through something, these words describe the sounds of air blowing through things or of things rushing through the air. 'Whisper' is on this list and not the voice list because we do not use our voices to whisper. We only use the air from our lungs and the position of our teeth, lips and tongues to form audible words.

·         flutter

·         fisst

·         woosh

·         gasp

·         swish

·         swoosh

·         whiff

·         whoosh

·         whizz

·         whip

·         whisper

5. Animal Sounds – If you’ve spent significant amounts of time with people from other countries, as we know animal speaks too. Depending on where a chicken is from, for example, she might cluck-cluck, bok-bok, tok-tok, kot-kot or cotcotcodet. In the United States, however, animals speak English:

·         arf

·         baa

·         bark

·         bray

·         buzz

·         cheep

·         chirp

·         chortle

·         cluck

·         cock-a-doodle-doo

·         cuckoo

·         meow

·         moo

 

 

Okay, that’s all about Onomatopoeia, Thank you for reading and do not forget to say Alhamdulillah.

References:

http://inspirasiricky.blogspot.co.id/2012/01/onomatopoeia-adalah.html

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/onomatopoeia

http://www.ereadingworksheets.com/figurative-language/poetic-devices/onomatopoeia-examples/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onomatopoeia

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Onomatopea